Haemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swollen veins in or around the rectum and anus. They are similar to varicose veins and develop when there is increased pressure in this area, causing the veins to stretch and become inflamed. Haemorrhoids are common and can affect people of any age, though they are more likely to occur in adults who sit for long periods or strain during bowel movements.
There are two main types of haemorrhoids: internal and external. Internal haemorrhoids develop inside the rectum and are usually not visible but may cause bleeding during bowel movements. External haemorrhoids form under the skin around the anus and can be painful, itchy, or swollen. In some cases, a blood clot can form, leading to a hard, tender lump known as a thrombosed haemorrhoid.
Common symptoms include itching, irritation, pain, swelling, and bleeding after passing stool. The bleeding is typically bright red and may appear on toilet paper or in the toilet bowl. Discomfort can range from mild to severe, depending on the size and location of the haemorrhoids. Prolonged straining or sitting can make symptoms worse.
Several factors contribute to the development of haemorrhoids. These include chronic constipation, pregnancy, obesity, and a lack of dietary fibre. Standing or sitting for long periods and heavy lifting can also increase pressure in the lower rectum, leading to swelling of the veins. Maintaining a healthy digestive system helps reduce this risk.
Lifestyle changes can relieve symptoms and prevent recurrence. Eating a high-fibre diet, drinking plenty of water, and avoiding straining during bowel movements promote softer stools and easier passage. Gentle exercise, such as walking, improves circulation and reduces pressure in the rectal veins. Keeping the anal area clean and using moist wipes instead of dry toilet paper can help soothe irritation.
While haemorrhoids can be uncomfortable, they often improve with self-care and time. Persistent pain, heavy bleeding, or recurring symptoms should be checked by a healthcare professional to rule out other conditions and provide appropriate treatment.
