Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal condition caused by an imbalance in the natural bacteria found in the vagina. Normally, “good” bacteria called lactobacilli help maintain a healthy environment by keeping the vaginal pH slightly acidic. When these bacteria decrease and “bad” bacteria multiply, it disrupts this balance, leading to BV. It is not considered a sexually transmitted infection, but sexual activity can sometimes trigger changes that lead to it.
Common symptoms of BV include a thin, watery discharge that may be grey or white in colour and a noticeable fish-like odour, particularly after sexual intercourse. Some people may also experience mild itching, burning, or irritation around the vaginal area, though many have no symptoms at all. Because BV can resemble other vaginal infections, proper diagnosis is important.
BV is most often linked to lifestyle and hygiene factors. Douching, using scented soaps or vaginal sprays, and having new or multiple sexual partners can upset the natural bacterial balance. Smoking and certain types of contraception may also increase the risk. Maintaining vaginal health involves allowing the body’s natural flora to regulate itself without unnecessary products or disruption.
While BV itself is not dangerous, untreated cases can increase the risk of complications. These include a higher likelihood of contracting sexually transmitted infections and potential pregnancy-related issues, such as preterm labour. For this reason, anyone with symptoms or concerns should seek medical advice to confirm the diagnosis and ensure proper management.
Good hygiene and healthy habits can help prevent bacterial vaginosis. Avoiding douching, wearing breathable cotton underwear, and washing only the external genital area with mild, unscented soap all support a balanced vaginal environment. Practising safe sex and limiting unnecessary exposure to irritants also reduces the risk of recurrence.
Most cases of BV are easily managed, but it can return if the underlying balance of bacteria is not restored. Ongoing care and awareness of potential triggers are important for long-term prevention and comfort.
